IBM chips in with Golfball anniversary
Revolutionary typewriter tech is 50 years old this Sunday
IBM's Selectric typewriter - the text processing tool that replaced traditional font with the 'Golfball' - will be 50 years old on Sunday.
First releasted in 1961, the spherical device was designed as a fast-moving type-head, able to punch a character through an ink ribbon and onto paper far more quickly than characters on the long arms of old.
Cape sphere: the IBM Golfball
That, IBM said at the time, will make typists even faster. It claimed a top typist could thrash out 90 words a minute - 80 per cent more than the 50 words a minute they'd get with a traditional electric typewriter.
The golfball also moved laterally across the page so there was no need to build a carriage mechanism to shift the paper behind the key-strike area. With no need to wait for the carriage to return to the start of the next line, typists were able continue tapping away once they reached the end of a line.
'Take a letter, Miss Jones'
Able to print only one character at a time, the golfball ended the possibility of key-jam: two or three character arms getting stuck together in the print area. That problem could hit even the most experienced of typists, especially if the typewriter was poorly maintained.
And with the ability to swap golfballs and out of the Selectric, the technology paved the way for machines capable of producing copy in multiple typefaces.
Golfball rival: the cheaper but way less resilient Daisywheel - which is still on sale today
IBM's rivals came up with similar systems, most notably the daisywheel, a circular arrangement of characters. Somewhat cheaper than IBM's golfballs, daisywheels were less resistant to wear and tear.
IBM continued to innovate, first adding - in 1971, with the Selectric II - the ability to change the pitch from ten to 12 characters per inch, and, in 1973, by adding an ink-lifting correction ribbon to new Selectrics.
Later IBM typewriters gained correction ribbons
In the late 1970s, the typewriter began to be superseded by dedicated word processing terminals - for which IBM provided golfball equipped printers - and, during the following decade, by computers running word processing software. IBM introduced the Selectric III in the early 1980s, but killed the line altogether in 1986 - five years after the launch of the IBM 5150, aka the IBM PC. ®
COMMENTS
Vid clip for UFO featuring golfball
The obligatory youtube link to UFO title sequence...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TQUdcYk82U
Too Old
Not only do I remember the chain printers (still around I expect) but I remember the field change for the the two IBM printers (14??) that arrived in huge boxes. The change was a new lid, with a pointy top, instead of the lids we had with flat tops. The problem was coffee cups resting on the flat top when there was a fault or out of paper on the printer. The OS got the fault from the printer and raised the lid for the operators convenience, dumping the coffee all over the print-out at the back of the printer. The new lids were shaped so that a cup would not rest on top. Expect IBM has a patent on that.
Fondest memory of golfball
Is of the one in the title sequences for Gerry Anderson's UFO series...
Happy Birthday
I did my thesis on one of these with equations done on dumb-terminal TeX, output onto bromide cut up and pasted into the spaces.
A thing of beauty and joy.
And very efficient.
I Read Once...
...that when the electric typewriter was introduced to the office, all the secretaries gained ten pounds due to the calories no longer burned pushing back the carriage for each newline.
