Graphene breakthrough threatens silicon's chip glory
This time they mean it
For years graphene has proved a cruel temptress for the semiconductor avant garde. The material - a layer of carbon atoms grouped in the ever popular honeycomb lattice - promised major performance gains over silicon. The problem with the stuff, however, has been arranging it in a large enough layer to replicate the 8- to 12-inch circular wafers favored by the major chip makers.
Some researchers at Princeton University believe they've overcome this problem by routing around it altogether. Stephen Chou, a professor of electrical engineering at Princeton, and his big brained underlings decided to pop small crystals of graphene "only in the active areas of the chip."
We'll let the wise people at Princeton explain the ins and outs.
In their new method, the researchers make a special stamp consisting of an array of tiny flat-topped pillars, each one-tenth of a millimeter wide. They press the pillars against a block of graphite (pure carbon), cutting thin carbon sheets, which stick to the pillars. The stamp is then removed, peeling away a few atomic layers of graphene.
Finally, the stamp is aligned with and pressed against a larger wafer, leaving the patches of graphene precisely where transistors will be built. The technique is like printing, Chou said. By repeating the process and using variously shaped stamps (the researchers also made strips instead of round pillars), all the active areas for transistors are covered with single crystals of graphene.
One innovation that made the technique possible was to coat the stamp with a special material that sticks to carbon when it is cold and releases when it is warm, allowing the same stamp to pick up and release the graphene.
Excited by their new technique, Chou and friends then went ahead and built transistors right onto the printed graphene crystals. Apparently, this resulted in a 10x boost over silicon transistors in moving, er, "electronic holes," which is a subject about which we won't claim deep knowledge.
The researchers believe the technology could make its way very quickly into devices such as cell phones "that require high power output."
“What we have done is shown that this approach is possible; the next step is to scale it up,” Chou said.
There's a paper on the new technology, but it's locked behind this abstract. ®
COMMENTS
Diamond
Substances that conduct heat and insulate electricity well are rare. Beryllium Oxide is one, (and dangerous, used to insulate RF transistor collector/Substrate from heatsink to allow emitter to be earthed).
Diamond is also unusual in that it is an excellent heat conductor but also a good insulator. Hence the diamond allotrope of carbon is no use as a semiconductor. It's also difficult to grow diamond crystals the size fab labs are used to with silicon :-)
Graphene and nano-tube carbon structures can though make devices.
Graphene?
I always wondered when Carbon would be used for semi-conductors, as it is next in line in the periodic table after germanium and silicon, but I always assumed it would be the crystaline form, (as are semi-conductor germanium and silicon) i.e. diamond.
I guess graphite is a crystal, but only in two dimensions.
Cell phones and high power output ?
Somebody call Mothers Against Cell Phone Cancer ! They're gonna make our brains melt if we don't pay attention !
Last time I heard "Hole Flow"...
...had to be around '74, when the USAF was teaching me everything I didn't yet know about electronics.
Darned Heathkit never mentioned holes, but they clearly indicated current flow was opposite to electron flow; my, how much I learned back then :D and had forgotten since!
Im still a bit put off by a void (hole) being the carrier of current...my brain has successfully wrapped itself around the concept, but it still reeks of error!
"For years graphene has proved a cruel temptress for the semiconductor avant garde."
I vote this to be 2007's most pretentious opening gambit for an article. Well done!
At this rate Ashlee, you'll end up being quoted in Private Eye... (good/bad in equal measure)
