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Google's plans in new mobile phone platforms may not be much further advanced than slideware, but security experts are already picking apart the initiative to look for potential holes. Interest is focused on whether or not Android will be totally open or adopt an (arguably more secure) system of signing approved applications.

Some mobile security specialists are comparing the track Google has taken with its Android platform for mobile computing with the locked-down approach adopted by Apple.

Google is seeking to encourage developers to write for the platform. Applications will be developed using Java and use a framework provided by Google including its own Dalvik virtual machine.

The framework is based on an open source model. Google sees this as a way to bring more openness to the traditional closed mobile environment, allowing anyone to write applications that make use of the functionality available on handsets. That means, at least theoretically, that a potentially malign application could call upon any of the phone's core functionality such as making calls or sending text messages.

The security debate has focused around the open design philosophy behind Android.

Mikko Hyppönen, chief research officer at F-Secure, writes: "The key issue here is whether Android will go for totally open systems or whether they will adopt a system for signing approved applications (such as Symbian)."

"If unsigned and unknown applications written by anyone have full access to phone features, we smell trouble."

Hyppönen is quick to emphasise that his comments are preliminary. The full specifications of Android phones will be unclear until devices based on the technology become available in late 2008. Mobile malware attacks are unlikely to follow soon after, however insecure Android-based phone may or may not be.

"It's pretty guaranteed that no criminal attacks will take place until the installed base for Android has become large enough to interest the bad guys financially. This might never happen," Hyppönen said, adding that Apple's iPhone has already achieved a significant-enough user base for iPhone malware to become a possibility.

Eric Chien, a security consultant at Symantec, who (like Hyppönen) has taken a long-term interest in mobile security, notes that Apple's decision to lock down the iPhone mitigates against the possibility of malware being allowed to run on the device (at least until it is unlocked). By contrast Android's security model is based on querying users about whether or not applications are permitted to run.

"Because Android is still in development, making predictions about the threat landscape to Android is a bit premature, but history has shown us that a prompting model is far from effective," he writes.

Chien outlines some hypothetical attack scenarios, based on what we know from the world of Windows-infecting pathogens.

"The vast majority of Windows malware requires user interaction, some of which is invoked by social engineering and much of it simply because the user isn't sure what option to choose. Imagine that you download a game and the game requests the ability to send SMS messages from your phone in order to post your high scores to a central server. You agree, but little do you know that the application is also sending SMSes to a high-cost pay number." ®

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