Was human skin really used in book binding?
Creative uses for corpses
Also in this week's column:
- Does thumb-sucking run in families?
- Will eating crusts make your hair grow curly?
- How do I taste things?
Was human skin really used in book binding?
Asked by Jill Pascoe of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
The use of human skin to bind books would disgust us today, but it was fairly widely practiced up until about 200 years ago, particularly with medical books.
In centuries gone by, doctors who wrote medical books would sometimes specify that they be bound in human skin. Some doctors even participated in the preparation of human skin for use in book binding.
Dr John Hunter (1728-1793), the famous anatomist, father of British scientific surgery, and the person after whom the London Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England is named, reputedly commissioned a textbook on dermatology to be bound in human skin.
The skin used was often that of a flogged prisoner who was later executed, particularly a murderer.
In 1821, John Horwood was hanged for murder in Bristol, England in 1821. Horwood's skeleton became a prized exhibit at the Bristol Royal Infirmary. A book containing details of his crime, trial, execution, and dissection was published and retained at the Infirmary. The book was bound with Horwood's skin.
The tanning of the skin was the work of Dr Richard Smith, the distinguished chief surgeon at the Infirmary for nearly 50 years. The classic medical text, Tables of the Skeleton and Muscles of the Human Body by Bernhard Albinus (translated from Latin into English in 1749), not only was bound in human skin, but the original white skin was dyed black. This was intended to reflect one of the subjects within: "On the location and cause of the colour of Ethiopians and of other peoples."
Dr Victor Cornil (1837-1908), the famous professor of pathological anatomy in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Paris and author of Syphillis (1882) the definitive work on the subject at the time, possessed a piece of tattooed human skin from the time of Louis XIII. He had his copy of The Three Musketeers, set during the time of Louis XIII, bound in human skin.
Fortunately, our sensitivities are certainly quite different today.
Stephen Juan, Ph.D. is an anthropologist at the University of Sydney. Email your Odd Body questions to s.juan@edfac.usyd.edu.au
COMMENTS
Personal skin bindings
A poet in Springfield Oregon wanted his works bound in his own skin when he died.
His widow attempted to comply with his wishes, but it never happened:
from News of the weird
"1994 -- Rachel Barton-Russell petitioned a court in Springfield, Ore., in February for a ruling on the meaning of the state's law against corpse abuse. Her deceased husband, Donal Eugene Russell, had declared in his will that he wanted his skin used to make book covers for a collection of his poetry, but the state Mortuary and Cemetery Board claims that carrying out that request would subject a funeral home to liability for corpse abuse."
Our sensitivities?
The comment "Fortunately, our sensitivities are certainly quite different today" reveals nothing but temporal parochialism. Sensitivities have changed from age to age. Parochialism ensures that humans in any given epoch regard the sensitivities then in vogue as being the best of all time. The only thing that we can be sure of is that in the future sensitivities will be different to what they are today, and much that we hold dear will be jettisoned. Conversely, much of what we do today would have incited "decent folk" of years gone by to pursue us with firebrands, pitchforks, and crosses held high; and "decent folk" of future generations to pursue us with blaster set to medium roast.
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